Department of Biology
Department website: https://www.vanguard.edu/academics/academic-programs/undergrad/biology
Roxanna Ochoa, PhD, Chair
Mission: The Department of Biology seeks to provide training in a Christian environment needed to prepare students for teaching careers, research positions in industry/academia, admission into medical and health professional schools, and graduate studies in biological sciences.
Biology Undergraduate Major
The Bachelor of Science (B.S.) program provides undergraduate preparation for technical employment, post-baccalaureate study in graduate school, professions such as medicine, and other health professions, and for work in natural resource management. Two B.S. degrees are offered in the department: Biology and Biotechnology. Within the Biology B.S. program, there are four possible concentrations that one could specialize in including: Neurobiology, Biomedical Science, Ecology and Biology Teacher Education Program. All majors in Natural and Physical Sciences are expected to make satisfactory academic progress toward graduation. In addition to the requirements established by the University, students must maintain a 2.0 in all major coursework. Further, the Department also requires a minimum grade of C- as completion for pre-requisites in science-related coursework for all students enrolled in MATH, BIOL, ENVR, CHEM, and PSCI courses, regardless of major.
A Biology major considering graduate or professional school should confer with a Biology advisor to plan a program to meet the student’s needs for entrance into such a school or profession. In addition, it is strongly recommended that the student meet with their advisor to make sure that the student is aware of the additional requirements imposed by the Pre-Med Committee.
Biomedical Concentration
This concentration is aimed to prepare students for superior education in most professional health care programs (medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine, pharmacy etc.), associated health programs (physician assistant, nursing, physical therapy, occupational therapy) and other graduate programs in the biomedical sciences. This is also suitable for students desiring careers in biomedical research, academic or commercial laboratories. Experiential learning opportunities are encouraged and could include participating in laboratory research, volunteer experiences and leadership positions within student clubs. The basic science curriculum meets the requirements for entrance into professional schools. We also subject the students to “Mock interviews” to help them get ready for the medical school admission process.
Neurobiology Concentration
This concentration provides an emphasis on the study of the nervous system, and provides students a chance to learn how neurobiologists use cellular, molecular, systems and behavioral analyses to improve the understanding of how the brain works. A special emphasis is placed on understanding the cellular mechanisms responsible for learning and memory, and the application of this information to enhance learning. Students will also develop a fundamental understanding of neuroanatomy, neurophysiology and neuropharmacology through brain dissections, lab exercises, and simulations. Hand-on experimentation through use of animal models to study neurological disorders will also allow students to develop their analytical and critical thinking skills.
ITEP: Biology Teacher Education Program
The Integrated Teacher Education Program (ITEP) allows for students to complete not only their bachelor’s degree but also the California Teaching Credential within four years. This is a great option for students preparing to teach biology at the secondary school level. The Bachelor of Science in Biology degree with this option is approved by the California Commission on Teacher Credentialing. Completion of this option will satisfy the subject matter requirement for the Single Subject Teaching Credential in Life Sciences within four years. Students wishing to graduate on a four-year plan are still eligible to enroll in the fifth-year credential program at Vanguard University or some other accredited college or university to complete subject requirements for the California Clear Teaching Credential in Mathematics (see the Graduate Program in Education for these requirements). Students under this option must include BIOL-111 Principles of Cell and Molecular Biology, BIOL-112 Principles of Organismal Biology, BIOL-112L Principles of Organismal Biology Lab, BIOL-309 Microbiology, BIOL-309L Microbiology Laboratory, BIOL-311 Genetics, BIOL-311L Genetics Laboratory, and an Ecology Course as a part of their degree program. They should also take ENGL-453 Language, Culture, and Linguistics and POLS-155C American Democracy (see program requirements).
Biotechnology Undergraduate Major
The major will prepare students to enter a growing industry. The program aims to prepare students with the technical skills for a career in Biotechnology and the ability to critically assess biotechnology advances and applications. Biotechnology students will receive hands-on training, research experience and internship opportunities. Program graduates will be prepared to enter the workforce as a laboratory technician or pursue further training in a graduate program to focus on becoming a skilled researcher or laboratory manger. A dedicated biotechnology lab was remodeled in 2020 to house all biotechnology equipment and projects.
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BIOLOGY
BIOL-100C Fundamentals of Biology for Non-Majors 3 Credits
An introduction to the structures and functions of the major plant and animal groups. Focus is directed toward biological principles and problems facing humans in dynamic ecosystems. Lecture three hours. This course fulfills the core curriculum lecture requirement in natural sciences.
Co-Requisite: BIOL-100CL
Terms Typically Offered: Fall, Spring, and Summer.
BIOL-100CL Fundamentals/Biology for Non-Majors Lab 1 Credit
Introduction to biological laboratory procedures. Laboratory exercises in molecular biology, metabolism and physiology, structure, ecology, and taxomonic groups. Laboratory four hours. Lab fee. This course fulfills the core curriculum laboratory requirement in natural sciences.
Pre- or Co-Requisite: BIOL-100C
Terms Typically Offered: Fall, Spring, and Summer.
BIOL-101 Fund. of Biology/Non-Majors with Lab 4 Credits
An introduction to the structures and functions of the major plant and animal groups. Focus is directed toward biological principles and problems facing humans in dynamic ecosystems. Includes three credit hours of lecture and one credit hour of lab. This course fulfills the general education science requirement for professional studies students. Students will be required to purchase lab materials directly from the service provider.
Terms Typically Offered: On Demand.
BIOL-111 Principles of Cell and Molecular Biology 3 Credits
An introductory course for the biological sciences which covers the scientific method, basic biological chemistry, cell structure and function, metabolism and energy transformation, evolution, classification, and other related topics.
Co-Requisite: BIOL-111L
Terms Typically Offered: Fall and Spring.
BIOL-111L Principles of Cell/Molecular Biology Lab 1 Credit
Topics in this course are designed to complement lectures presented in BIOL-111C. Students will conduct a broad survey of investigations selected to optimize their understanding of basic laboratory techniques and biological principles including microscopy, chromatography, colorimetry and DNA analysis. Lab and field trip fee. This course fulfills the core curriculum laboratory requirement in Natural Sciences; however, this course is designed for Biology majors.
Pre- or Co-Requisite: BIOL-111
Terms Typically Offered: Fall and Spring.
BIOL-112 Principles of Organismal Biology 3 Credits
An introductory course for the biological sciences which covers the kingdoms of living organisms, plant and animal physiology, population genetics, biodiversity, ecology, and other related topics.
BIOL-112L Principles of Organismal Biology Lab 1 Credit
Topics in this course are designed to complement lectures presented in BIOL-112. Students will conduct a broad survey of investigations selected to optimize the understanding of basic laboratory techniques and biological principles including field trips, dissection, collections, ecosystem classification and evaluation. Lab and field trip fee.
Co-Requisite: BIOL-112
Terms Typically Offered: Spring.
BIOL-204C Human Anatomy 3 Credits
Introductory study of the gross physical structure, cellular makeup and physiological function of elements within the nine major organ systems. Lecture three hours. This course fulfills the core curriculum lecture requirement in Natural Sciences; however, this course is designed for Biology majors
Co-Requisite: BIOL-204CL
Terms Typically Offered: Fall and Spring.
BIOL-204CL Human Anatomy Laboratory 1 Credit
Laboratory study introducing the primary functional and supportive components within the skeletal, muscular, digestive, urinary, nervous, respiratory, reproductive, and cardiovascular systems. Laboratory three hours. Lab fee. This course fulfills the core curriculum laboratory requirement in Natural Sciences; however, this course is designed for Biology majors.
Co-Requisite: BIOL-204C
Terms Typically Offered: Fall and Spring.
BIOL-205 Principles of Human Physiology 4 Credits
Investigates the fundamental physiological processes in humans using a systems approach to student integrated functions. The course will explore the functions of the human body emphasizing homeostasis and integration at the biochemical, cellular, organ, and system levels. The systems studied will include nervous, cardiovascular, respiratory, renal, gastrointestinal, endocrine, reproductive, and immunity. This course is a combined lecture and laboratory course fulfilling the physiology requirement for RN to BSN student. This is not a suitable course for Pre-Licensure Nursing students or Biology Majors. This requirement meets the science lab requirement for all other students. Lab fee required.
Terms Typically Offered: Spring.
BIOL-208 Biology of Nutrition 4 Credits
The course emphasizes the biology of nutrition as applied to metabolic and physiologic principles underlying digestion and absorption of nutrients, chemical structure, and metabolism of nutrients, the biochemical role of nutrients in maintaining health, and the effects of over- and under-nutrition on health and on disease pathogenesis. The students will gain an understanding of the biology of macronutrients (carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins) and micronutrients (vitamins, minerals, and water). Weight management and dietary analysis will also be discussed. Laboratory activities provide real-world insight into the biology of nutrition and will assist students in understanding how proper nutrition can optimize body system functions. This course is a combined lecture and laboratory course fulfilling the physiology requirement for RN to BSN student. This is not a suitable course for Pre-Licensure Nursing students or Biology Majors. This requirement meets the science lab requirement for all other students. Lab fee required. (School for Professional Studies Course).
Terms Typically Offered: Spring and Summer.
BIOL-209 Principles of Microbiology 3 Credits
An introduction to the study of micro-organisms: their occurrence and importance to humans. Major concepts of general microbiology are discussed, including prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell types: structural organization of cells; cellular metabolism, regulation of metabolism, and genetics; host-parasite relationships, nutrition, growth, control mechanisms, immunology and serology; recombinant DNA technology; growth of microbial cells; and controlling growth by chemical and physical means. Bacteria, fungi, algae, protozoa, and viruses are studied. Special emphasis is given to infectious diseases and the organisms that cause these diseases.
Co-Requisite: BIOL-209L
Pre- or Co-Requisite: BIOL-100C/BIOL-100CL
Terms Typically Offered: Spring.
BIOL-209L Principles of Microbiology Lab 1 Credit
The laboratory course will introduce students to basic microbiology techniques and principles. Students will learn procedures for handling micro-organisms and establishing pure cultures. Additionally, the following basic microbiology laboratory protocols will be covered: specimen collection, cultivation, analysis, identification, and reporting. Laboratory three hours. Lab fee.
Prerequisite: BIOL-100C/BIOL-100CL
Co-Requisite: BIOL-209
Terms Typically Offered: Spring.
BIOL-210C Fundamentals of Biology 3 Credits
An introduction to the structures and functions of the major plant and animal groups. Focus is directed toward biological principles and problems facing humans in dynamic ecosystems. Lecture three hours. This course fulfills the core curriculum lecture requirement in Natural Sciences; however, this course is designed for non-science majors.
Co-Requisite: BIOL-210CL
BIOL-210CL Fundamentals of Biology Lab 1 Credit
Introduction to biological laboratory procedures. Laboratory exercises in molecular biology, metabolism and physiology, structure, ecology, and taxonomic groups. Laboratory three hours. Lab fee. This course fulfills the core curriculum laboratory requirement in Natural Sciences; however, this course is designed for non-science majors.
Co-Requisite: BIOL-210C
BIOL-220 Cell Biology 3 Credits
This course provides an introduction to the fundamental principles of biology that center on the cell. Focus will be placed on cellular structure and function, fundamental metabolism, and molecular genetics. Lecture three hours.
BIOL-220L Cell Biology Lab 1 Credit
This course provides a working understanding of basic principles paramount to the study of biological sciences. Students will have a fundamental understanding of the scientific method, the cell, cellular structure, cellular respiration, DNA processes, protein synthesis, cellular reproduction, and genetics. This course prepares the student to think critically and analyze data. Laboratory three hours. Lab fee.
BIOL-234 Principles of Neuroscience 4 Credits
The course is an introduction to the human nervous system and how the brain processes sensory information, controls actions, and learns through experience and emotions. Each lesson provides a broad understanding of the fundamentals of brain structures and its role in behavior. The course also aims to introduce the student to brain science behind sensory development, language acquisition and learning. (School for Professional Studies Course).
Terms Typically Offered: Fall, Spring, and Summer.
BIOL-292 Special Topic in Biology 2 Credits
Study of a special topic in life science. May be repeated for credit. Lab fee.
BIOL-293 Special Topic in Biology 3 Credits
Study of a special topic in life science. May be repeated for credit. Lab fee.
BIOL-294 Special Topic in Biology 4 Credits
Study of a special topic in life science. May be repeated for credit. Lab fee.
BIOL-302 Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy 3 Credits
Study of the similarities and differences in the structure and function of chordates (fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals) in both ancient and modern forms, with particular emphasis on human organ systems. Embryological development and features are integrated into the discussion of each organ system. Lecture three hours. Offered in alternate years.
BIOL-302L Comp Vertebrate Anatomy Lab 1 Credit
Study of the essential embryological and morphological features of representative chordates (fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals), with particular emphasis given to human organ systems. Laboratory exercises incorporate dissection on preserved specimens. Laboratory three hours. Lab fee. Offered in alternate years.
BIOL-303 Neurobiology Learning & Memory 3 Credits
This course introduces students to the methods, theories, and concepts that are central to the field of learning and memory. The course uses a combination of lectures and student-led discussions. The course highlights the molecular and cellular processes that are responsible for the synaptic changes that are responsible for learning and the formation of memory. Students will learn how changes in synapses generate, stabilize, consolidate, and maintain memories. Topics covered include system and synaptic consolidation, reconsolidation, memory systems, and the neural pathways involved in different types of memories.
Prerequisite: BIOL-220
BIOL-304 Human Physiology 3 Credits
This course will investigate the fundamental physiological processes in humans using a systems approach to study integrated functions. It will explore the functions of the human body emphasizing homeostasis at biochemical, cellular, organ, and system levels. The systems studied will include nervous, cardiovascular, respiratory, renal, gastrointestinal, endocrine, and reproductive. Lecture three hours.
BIOL-304L Human Physiology Lab 1 Credit
This course is designed to complement BIOL-304 investigating fundamental physiological processes in humans. The systems studied will include nervous, cardiovascular, respiratory, renal, gastrointestinal, endocrine, and reproductive. Laboratory three hours. Lab fee.
Co-Requisite: BIOL-304
Terms Typically Offered: Fall and Spring.
BIOL-305 Physiology of Vertebrates 3 Credits
Principles of animal physiology with emphasis on vertebrates. Lecture three hours. Offered in alternate years.
BIOL-305L Physiology of Vertebrates Lab 1 Credit
Laboratory course examining the principles of animal physiology with emphasis on vertebrates. Laboratory three hours. Lab fee. Offered in alternate years.
BIOL-309 Microbiology 3 Credits
Biology of microorganisms: their occurrence and importance to humans. Topics will include microbial cell structure and function, metabolism, microbial genetics, and the role of micro-organisms in disease and immunity. Lecture three hours.
BIOL-309L Microbiology Laboratory 1 Credit
Laboratory three hours. Lab fee.
BIOL-311 Genetics 3 Credits
A study of the principles and the physical basis of heredity, biochemical aspects of gene actions, and social implications of heredity. Lecture three hours. Offered in alternate years.
BIOL-311L Genetics Laboratory 1 Credit
Laboratory three hours. Lab fee. Offered in alternate years.
Co-Requisite: BIOL-311
Terms Typically Offered: Spring.
BIOL-315 General Ecology 3 Credits
An introduction to the interactions between organisms and their physical and biological environment. Important factors and processes influencing organisms within both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems will be studied. Lecture three hours.
BIOL-315L Ecology Field and Lab Practicum 1 Credit
This class provides hands-on experiences in the laboratory and in the field, enhances the student's understanding of basic environmental science and ecological concepts presented in BIOL-315. The laboratory experiments are oriented towards demonstrated basic principles of ecology and mastering modern research and field techniques. The individual exercises are from an excellent notebook on current protocols used in ecology. Occasional field sampling will be required. Three hours of lab per week. Lab fee.
BIOL-335 Biology of Cancer 3 Credits
This course is designed to study cancer from both a cellular and a clinical perspective. Characteristics of aberrant cell growth, proliferation and metastasis will be studied with a focus on the genetic changes that occur in cancer cells. Clinical aspects of cancer that will be discussed will include the classification, carcinogenesis, epidemiology, prevention and treatment of cancer. Course fee.
BIOL-345C Mountain Field Biology 4 Credits
A study of biota and communities of the mountains and factors affecting distributions, reproductions, and physiology of plant and animal life. A significant component of the course focuses on geology and the geological forces involved in mountain and land formation. Lab fee. Much of the course consists of a 2-week field trip through the Sierra Nevadas typically during May. Lab and field trip fee. Lab fee covers lab project materials, food, transportation, and accommodations during the two-week long trip. Any special diet or physical accommodations must be approved by the instructor prior to enrollment. This course fulfills the core curriculum lecture and lab science requirement in natural sciences.
Terms Typically Offered: Spring.
BIOL-346C Desert Field Ecology 4 Credits
A study of biota and communities of desert environments and factors affecting distributions, reproduction, and physiology of plant and animal life. A significant component of the course focuses on geology and the geological forces involved in mountain and land formation. One week of the course consists of a field trip through the arid regions of Southern California typically during spring break. Course will fulfill core curriculum science requirement. Lab fee. Lab fee will cover lab project materials, food, transportation, and accommodations during the two-week long trip. Any special diet or physical accommodations must be approved by the instructor prior to enrollment. This course fulfills the core curriculum lecture and lab science requirement in Natural Sciences.
Terms Typically Offered: Spring.
BIOL-348C Coastal Ecology 4 Credits
Coastal Ecology examines the ecological processes at the interface between land and sea in order to provide an understanding of the coastal environment, how terrestrial and marine systems are intricately connected, and how human activities can impact both. Much of the course consists of local field trips in coastal and marine environments and in particular a week-long field trip usually during spring break. Course will fulfill core curriculum science requirement. Lab fee. Lab fee covers lab project materials, food, transportation, and accommodations during the week- long trip. Any special diet or physical accommodations must be approved by the instructor prior to enrollment. This course fulfills the core curriculum lecture and lab science requirement in Natural Sciences.
Terms Typically Offered: Spring.
BIOL-353 Neuropharmacology 3 Credits
This course is designed to give students a fundamental understanding of the biochemical bases of behavior as well as the effects of drugs on the central nervous system and behavior. Topics covered include basic principles of neuropharmacology, pharmacokinetics, neurotransmitter systems, neural substrates of drug action, and neuropharmacology of neural disorders.
Prerequisite: BIOL-220
Terms Typically Offered: Fall, even years.
BIOL-365 Neurobiology of Learning and Memory 3 Credits
This course introduces students to the methods, theories, and concepts that are central to the field of learning and memory. The course uses a combination of lectures and student-led discussions. The course highlights the molecular and cellular processes that are responsible for the synaptic changes that are responsible for learning and the formation of memory. Students will learn how changes in synapses generate, stabilize, consolidate, and maintain memories. Topics covered include system and synaptic consolidation, reconsolidation, memory systems, and the neural pathways involved in different types of memories.
BIOL-365L Neurobiology of Learning/Memory Lab 3 Credits
This course supports the BIOL-365 lecture and must be taken concurrently.
BIOL-366 Plant Ecology 3 Credits
Ecology is the study of interrelationships between organisms and their biotic and abiotic environments. As a basic science, ecology informs us about the processes governing the patterns we observe in nature. From an applied perspective, it is critical that we understand ecology as it provides insights and solutions to many of the environmental issues we are confronted with in our daily lives. In this course we will focus specifically on the ecology of plants. Plant ecology is the study of the distribution and abundance of plants and their interactions with the abiotic environment and other organisms. In this course, we will examine plant life histories, populations, communities, and plant-animal interactions (pollination, dispersal, herbivory). Labs includes greenhouse, field experiments, and field trips with an exploration of plant biodiversity of the campus and region. Terrestrial systems are emphasized. A general background in ecology is assumed ( Basic principles and foundations of the field will be considered as well as current research.
BIOL-366L Plant Ecology Lab 1 Credit
Laboratory exercises incorporate dissection on preserved specimens. Laboratory three hours. Lab fee. Offered in alternate years.
BIOL-402 Histology 3 Credits
Study of the cells and tissues comprising each human organ system. Discussion focuses on structural and functional components in both intracellular and extracellular compartments, and cellular interaction within and among different organ systems. Lecture three hours. Offered in alternate years.
BIOL-402L Histology Lab 1 Credit
Laboratory study of the cells and tissues comprising each human organ system. Particular emphasis is placed upon learning to identify the features making each tissue and organ unique. Laboratory three hours. Lab fee. Offered in alternate years.
BIOL-404 Neuropharmacology 3 Credits
This course is designed to give students a fundamental understanding of the biochemical bases of behavior as well as the effects of drugs on the central nervous system and behavior. Topics covered include basic principles of neuropharmacology, pharmacokinetics, neurotransmitter systems, neural substrates of drug action, and neuropharmacology of neural disorders.
Prerequisite: BIOL-220
Terms Typically Offered: Fall, even years.
BIOL-406 Research Methods in Neurobiology 3 Credits
This course provides students with an empirically-based research experience in the area of behavioral neuroscience. Students will be using an animal model of addition to study the neural mechanisms behind learning and memory. Students will gain a basic understanding of proper research methodology, memory consolidation, reconsolidation, conditioned place preferance paradigm, brain anatomy, and pharmacology. Students will have hands-on experience learning various techniques, including animal handling and injection, and behavioral analysis. Terms Typically offered: Spring, even years.
Prerequisite: BIOL-365
Terms Typically Offered: Spring, even years.
BIOL-432 Neuroscience 3 Credits
The study of the nervous system from the cellular physiology of the neuron to complex structure and function of the central nervous system. Emphasis will be given to the cellular neurophysiology and neuroanatomy. This course will give an excellent foundation for understanding the brain and the nervous system. Students will critically read and discuss the scientific literature and learn to critically evaluate experimental neuroscience. Lecture three hours.
BIOL-432L Neuroscience Lab 1 Credit
Laboratory three hours. Lab fee.
Prerequisite: BIOL-220L and BIOL-204CL, BIOL-304L or BIOL-305L; or permission of instructor.
Co-Requisite: BIOL-432
Terms Typically Offered: Spring, odd years.
BIOL-440 Molecular Biology 3 Credits
The study of the genome in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Introduction to and an analysis of modern molecular biology techniques are presented including: replication, transcription, translation, genetic engineering, cloning, gene expression, sequencing and genetic analysis. Lecture three hours. Offered in alternate years.
BIOL-440L Techniques in Molecular Biology 1 Credit
The study of the genome in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Introduction to and an analysis of modern molecular biology techniques are presented including: genetic engineering, cloning, gene expression, sequencing and genetic analysis. This course prepares the student to develop the following critical skills: independent thinking, lab management, record keeping, and project development. Laboratory three hours. Lab fee. Offered in alternate years.
BIOL-450 UG Research or Internship Program 1-4 Credits
This course may be taken for a maximum of four (4) units in one semester. A maximum of six (6) combined units credit for BIOL-450 or BIOL-485 apply to graduation. This course is designed with the purpose of providing students the opportunity to conduct research off-campus at universities or STEM companies in the community. This course promotes early entry into the workplace for the student through part-time employment. This course requires actual work experience be sought in a biotech or STEM-focused business firm providing an opportunity to integrate classroom teaching in practical application under the direct supervision of the assigned instructor. Students are responsible for completing a project report and presenting their research results in BIOL-499C.
Prerequisite: BIOL-112
Terms Typically Offered: Spring.
BIOL-451 Immunology 3 Credits
The study of molecular and cell biology of specific and nonspecific immune responses in mammals, with special emphasis on human immune systems. Reviews experimental support for current immunological theories. Roles of immunology in human health and disease will be studied.
BIOL-451L Immunology Lab 1 Credit
A laboratory course designed to introduce students to current clinical and research procedures in immunology. Includes techniques, such as ELISA, Immunoprecipitation, cell culture techniques, T cell activation, Western blot, and blood cells recognition. These techniques are utilized in biological, biochemical research and clinical laboratories. Lab fee.
BIOL-455 Biology Teaching Internship 1-3 Credits
The student will meet for regular hours each week for classes and/or meetings that are established at the beginning of the semester with the supervising professor. The intern assists an instructor in planning and conducting lecture and/or laboratory sessions and with other assigned teaching related duties. This course may be taken for 1-3 units per semester. May be repeated for a maximum of six units.
Terms Typically Offered: Fall and Spring.
BIOL-456 Principles of Conservation Biology 3 Credits
Conservation biology is a developing and complex field. It draws upon the biological disciplines of population biology, taxonomy, ecology, genetics, and resource management as well as the fields of economics, ethics, and politics to document, understand, and protect the world's biodiversity. This course will give students an overview of this emerging discipline including the scientific methods employed, the biological principles behind conservation techniques and strategies, as well as the complexities involved in attempts to influence and implement conservation-oriented policies.
BIOL-470 Special Topic in Biology 1-4 Credits
Study a special topic in Life Science. May be repeated for credit. May have lab and field trip fees in some cases.
Terms Typically Offered: On Demand.
BIOL-485 Undergrad Biological Research 1-4 Credits
This course provides the student with an empirically-based research experience in the biological sciences. Emphasis will be placed on project management, safety, instrumentation, solution preparation, and research documentation skills. This course is a variable credit course. Two units are recommended for all biology majors. It is expected that a research report be completed at the conclusion of the research project and an oral presentation of the results be given in BIOL-499C. This course may be repeated for credit. Lab fee.
BIOL-488 Biology Senior Project 2 Credits
An advanced course providing the opportunity for a student to create a novel and independent intellectual work by comparing, contrasting and synthesizing recent research and his/her cumulative knowledge and understanding in the biological sciences. The precise nature, scope and format of the project must be developed and approved under the guidance of the instructor and in collaboration with the student's academic advisor. Senior projects are typically initiated in the Fall. The project results must also be presented in BIOL-499C. Lab fee.
Terms Typically Offered: Fall.
BIOL-499C Capstone Seminar in Biology 2 Credits
This course includes analysis and evaluation of current research in biology and the integration of faith and learning in the biological sciences. An oral presentation of BIOL-485 or BIOL-488 is required. In-class presentations by faculty and guests are a part of the course. This course fulfills the Core Curriculum Capstone requirement for Biology majors.
BIOTECHNOLOGY
BIOT-200 Introduction to Biotechnology 3 Credits
An introductory course to the field of biotechnology and application of biotechnology methodologies in emerging areas. Topics of discussion will include microbial biotechnology, animal biotechnology, forensic biotechnology, agriculture biotechnology, bioremediation and medical biotechnology. Emphasis will be placed on ethical and social considerations and opportunities for improvements in the field.
BIOT-200L Introduction to Biotechnology Laboratory 1 Credit
An introductory laboratory course to the field of biotechnology and application of biotechnology methodologies in emerging areas. Laboratories include aseptic technique, pipetting and measurement, NNA extration and restriction digestion, gel electrophoresis nad PCR. Lab fee required.
BIOT-403 Adv. Research Methods in Biotechnology 3 Credits
Methodology and application in biotechnology. The following topics will be covered: genetic engineering techniques for introducing a gene for a desired protein into a cell with vectors, techniques for growing bacteria and yeast to produce a desired protein, cell transformation by electroporation, blue/white screening for selection of a colony with successful transformation with the desired vector, identification of a plasmid with PCR and DNA sequencing, use of enzyme assays to measure protein concentration in solutions, fed-batch yeast fermentation, mammalian cell culture techniques, and analysis of protein expression by Western blot. Lab fee.
Prerequisite: BIOT-200
BIOT-405 Bioinformatics 3 Credits
Introduction to bioinformatic resources/methods for biologists. Topics include: biological databases, sequence alignment, gene and protein structure prediction, molecular phylogenetics, genomics and proteomics. Students will gain practical experience with bioinformatics tools and develop basic skills in the collection and presentation of bioinformatics data.
BIOT-405L Bioinformatics Laboratory 1 Credit
Introduction to bioinformatic resources/methods for biologists. Topics include: biological databases, sequence alignment, gene and protein structure prediction, molecular phylogenetics, genomics and proteomics. Students will gain practical experience with bioinformatics tools and develop basic skills in the collection and presentation of bioinformatics data. This lab course must be taken concurrently with lecture BIOL-405.
Prerequisite: DSCI-100C, DSCI-100CL
Co-Requisite: BIOT-405
BIOT-413 Cell Culture Techniques 3 Credits
This course is primarily lab based and will focus on teaching the techniques necessary to maintain mammalian cells in culture and manipulating stem cells. Exercises will include hands-on training isolating, maintaining, characterizing, cryopreserving, and manipulating in vitro cells in addition to independent research experience. Additional skills will include Basic Aseptic Technique; Media Preparation; Cell counting; Survival assays, Live Cell Identification and Transfection. These skills are crucial for individuals seeking career opportunities in the biotechnology field.
CHEMISTRY
CHEM-112C Fundamentals of General, Organic, and Biochemistry I 3 Credits
An introduction to the study of matter and properties. The course surveys in one semester chemical topics such as: atomic theory, periodic trends, measurements and stoichiometry, chemical reactions, reduction and oxidation chemistry, chemical equilibrium, nuclear chemistry acids and bases. This course is designed for students who need a refresher in general chemistry. It also serves as an excellent introductory course for students in the health sciences or as a general science for non-majors. Course fulfills Core education laboratory science requirement. Lecture three hours.
Co-Requisite: Concurrent: CHEM-112CL
Terms Typically Offered: On Demand.
CHEM-112CL Fundamentals of General, Organic, and Biochemistry I Lab 1 Credit
A complementary laboratory course to CHEM-112C emphasizing the study of matter and properties. This hands-on course teaches basic techniques used in the chemistry lab. Sample experiments include: separation of compounds, chemical precipitation reactions, oxidation-reduction reactions, household chemical qualitative analysis. Laboratory three hours. Lab fee.
Co-Requisite: Concurrent: CHEM-112C
Terms Typically Offered: On Demand.
CHEM-113 Fundamentals of General, Organic, and Biochemistry I 3 Credits
A continuation of the study of matter and its properties. This course explores the following areas of chemistry: Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry. Topics such as: organic functional groups, basic organic reactions, biomolecular structure, metabolism, protein synthesis, and instrumentation will be covered. This course is designed for students in the health sciences, liberal studies, or as a general science for non-majors. Lecture three hours.
Prerequisite: CHEM-112C or permission of instructor.
Terms Typically Offered: On Demand.
CHEM-113L Fundamentals of General, Organic, and Biochemistry II Lab 1 Credit
A complementary laboratory course for CHEM 113. This course implements the following experiments: organic synthesis of aspirin or other analgesics, synthesis of esters, separation of compounds using chromatographic techniques, synthesis of organic dyes, combustion of carbohydrates, analysis of proteins and DNA. This course is designed for students in the health sciences, liberal studies, or as a general science for non-majors. Laboratory three hours. Lab fee.
Prerequisite: CHEM-112CL or permission of instructor.
Co-Requisite: CHEM-113
Terms Typically Offered: On Demand.
CHEM-120 General Chemistry I 3 Credits
Fundamental concepts including chemical reactions, stoichiometry, atomic structure, chemical bonding, changes in state, and the periodic table. This course is intended for those students that intend to pursue graduate education in a science or health science field. A minimum of high school Algebra II and one high school chemistry course is recommended. Three hours lecture per week.
CHEM-120L General Chemistry I Lab 1 Credit
Students will learn introductory laboratory techniques such as observation, measurement, separations, and identification of reactions. Experiments will involve concepts including: atomic structure, chemical bonding, changes in state, periodic table, oxidation, kinetics, equilibrium, thermodynamics, and electrochemistry. One 4-hour laboratory session per week. Lab fee.
Prerequisite: CHEM-112CL or CHEM-210CL
Co-Requisite: CHEM-120
Terms Typically Offered: Fall and Spring.
CHEM-121 General Chemistry II 3 Credits
Fundamental concepts including kinetics, equilibrium, thermodynamics, and electrochemistry. Special topics will include nuclear chemistry, transition metal periodicity and coordination compounds. Three hours lecture per week.
CHEM-121L General Chemistry II Lab 1 Credit
Students will continue their introduction to laboratory techniques including gravimetric and volumetric analysis, neutralization, and catalysis. Experiments will involve the concepts including: atomic structure, chemical bonding, changes in state, periodic table, oxidation, kinetics, equilibrium, thermodynamics, and electrochemistry. One 4-hour laboratory session per week. Lab fee.
CHEM-210 Integrated Chemistry 4 Credits
This course is designed to give beginning students who have not had prior exposure to chemistry a basic overview in general, organic, and biochemistry. The following topics will be surveyed: matter and energy, atomic theory, stoichiometry, nomenclature, the periodic table, atomic structure, gas liquid and solid states, solutions, nuclear chemistry, functional groups, alkanes, alkenes, alcohols, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, amines, carboxylic acids, lipids, carbohydrates, amino acids, proteins, nucleic acids, metabolism and respiration, photosynthesis, transcription, translation, kinetics, and DNA replication. Upon completion of this integrated chemistry course, the student will have an understanding of basic principles paramount to the study of chemistry, a proficiency with stoichiometry (as it relates to the nursing discipline), writing and interpreting chemical formulas, DNA replication, transcription and translation. In addition, the student should develop an appreciation for the importance of chemistry in other disciplines. (Meets Chemistry requirement for RN to BSN students; meets Science/Lab requirement for Professional Studies students). (School for Professional Studies Course).
Terms Typically Offered: Fall and Spring.
CHEM-210C Integrated Chemistry 4 Credits
This course is designed to give beginning students who have not had prior exposure to chemistry a basic overview in general, organic, and biochemistry. The following topics will be surveyed: matter and energy, atomic theory, stoichiometry, nomenclature, the periodic table, atomic structure, gas liquid and solid states, solutions, nuclear chemistry, functional groups, alkanes, alkenes, alcohols, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, amines, carboxylic acids, lipids, carbohydrates, amino acids, proteins, nucleic acids, metabolism and respiration, photosynthesis, transcription, translation, kinetics, and DNA replication. Upon completion of this integrated chemistry course, the student will have an understanding of basic principles paramount to the study of chemistry, a proficiency with stoichiometry (as it relates to the nursing discipline), writing and interpreting chemical formulas, DNA replication, transcription and translation. In addition, the student should develop an appreciation for the importance of chemistry in other disciplines. Meets the CORE Science Requirement for the traditional undergraduate student when taken with CHEM-201CL.
Co-Requisite: CHEM-210CL
Terms Typically Offered: Fall and Spring.
CHEM-210CL Integrated Chemistry Laboratory 1 Credit
A complementary laboratory course to CHEM-210C emphasizing the study of matter and properties. This hands-on course teaches basic techniques used in the chemistry lab. Sample experiments include: separation of compounds, chemical precipitation reactions, oxidation-reduction reactions, household chemical qualitive analysis. Further, the organic synthesis of aspirin or other analgesics, synthesis of esters, separation of compounds using chromatographic techniques, synthesis of organic dyes, combustion of carbohydrates, analysis of proteins and DNA are performed. This course is designed for students in the health sciences, liberal studies or as a general science for non-majors. This course fulfills the LAB CORE science requirement. Laboratory three hours. Lab fee.
Co-Requisite: CHEM-210
Terms Typically Offered: Fall and Spring.
CHEM-252 Analytical Chemistry 3 Credits
The theory of and techniques for calculations pertaining to classical gravimetric and volumetric methods, theory and techniques of separation, and an introduction to instrumental methods. Three hours lecture per week. Offered in alternate years.
CHEM-252L Analytical Chem Techniques 1 Credit
Laboratory experiments in classical gravimetric and volumetric methods, techniques of separation, and an introduction to instrumental methods. One four-hour laboratory session per week. Lab fee. Offered in alternate years.
CHEM-304 Organic Chemistry I 3 Credits
This course is designed to introduce students to organic chemistry. The following topics will be covered: bonding and atomic theory, nomenclature, stereochemistry, functional groups, substitution reactions, elimination reactions, and both electrophilic addition and aromatic substitution reactions. Students will develop a mastery of organic functional groups and nomenclature, an understanding of basic organic reaction mechanisms, a familiarity with common organic reactions, and an appreciation for the importance of organic chemistry in other disciplines. The student will be prepared to continue their education in organic chemistry in the sequential course (CHEM-305). Three hours of lecture per week.
CHEM-304L Organic Chemistry Techniques I 1 Credit
This is the complementary laboratory course for CHEM-304. This course is designed to develop basic skills and techniques for practical application of the general principles of organic chemistry. The development of a safe approach to lab experimentation will be stressed. Four-hour laboratory session per week. Lab fee.
CHEM-305 Organic Chemistry II 3 Credits
This course is designed as a continuation of the study of organic chemistry. Students will be introduced to various topics in organic chemistry including: organic oxidations and reductions, carbonyl chemistry, amines, carboxylic acids and their derivatives, organic mechanisms and various biological molecules and building blocks. Three hours of lecture per week.
CHEM-305L Organic Chemistry Technqs II 1 Credit
This is the complementary laboratory course for CHEM-305. This course is designed to develop basic skills and techniques for practical application of the general principles of organic chemistry including identification of unknowns and multi-step synthesis. The development of a safe approach to lab experimentation will be stressed. Four-hour laboratory session per week. Lab fee.
CHEM-430 Biochemistry 3 Credits
This course covers topics at the interface of chemistry and biology. Topics include: the chemistry, structure, properties, and function of proteins, carbohydrates, nucleic acids and lipids; enzyme catalysis; membranes; transport; bioenergetics and carbohydrate metabolism. Three hours of lecture per week.
CHEM-430L Experimental Tech/Biochemistry 1 Credit
This is the complementary laboratory course for CHEM-430. This course is designed to enhance the basic skills and techniques learned in the previous foundational experimental chemistry courses. This course focuses on modern biochemical techniques including the operation of chromatographic and spectroscopic instruments used in the practical application biological chemistry. The development of a safe approach to lab experimentation will be stressed. Four-hour laboratory session per week. Lab fee. Offered in alternate years.
CHEM-435 Advanced Biochemistry 3 Credits
Advanced Biochemistry provides an in depth view of bioenergetics, catabolism, and biosynthesis. Topics include: carbohydrate, lipid, amino acid, DNA, RNA and protein metabolism; photosynthesis, the structure of genetic material; regulation of metabolism and gene expression. Three hours of lecture per week.
Prerequisite: CHEM-430
Terms Typically Offered: Spring, odd years.
CHEM-440 Instrumental Analysis 2 Credits
An introduction to modern instrumental chemical analysis. The course will span theory of operation, instrument design and methodology, and applications of instrumental techniques. Electrochemical methods including potentiometry, voltammetry, and coulometry; spectroscopic methods including infrared, UV-Vis, and NMR; chromatographic methods including gas, liquid and thin layer; and thermal methods of analysis and kinetic methods of analysis will be covered.
Prerequisite: CHEM-252
Terms Typically Offered: Fall, odd years.
CHEM-440L Instrumental Analysis Lab 2 Credits
Introduces students to the major concepts of instrumental analysis and to some of the instrumental techniques most commonly used in analytical and bioanalytical chemistry. It emphasizes the use of modern, commercial instrumentation to perform quantitative and qualitative analyses of the physical properties and chemical composition of samples. Laboratory Course for 8 hours. Lab fee.
CHEM-450 UG Research Or Internship Program 1-4 Credits
Prerequisite: Open to juniors and seniors. This course may be taken for a maximum of 4 units in one semester. A maximum of 6 combined units credit for CHEM-450 or CHEM-485 apply to graduation. This course is designed with the purpose of providing students the opportunity to conduct research off-campus at universities or STEM companies in the community. This course promotes early entry into the workplace for the student through part-time employment. This course requires actual work experience be sought in a biotech or STEM-focused business firm providing an opportunity to integrate classroom teaching in practical application under the direct supervision of the assigned instructor. Students are responsible for completing a project report and presenting their research results in CHEM-499C.
Prerequisite: CHEM-121
Terms Typically Offered: Fall and Summer.
CHEM-455 Chemistry Teaching Internship 1-3 Credits
Regular hours each week for classes and/or meetings are established at the beginning of the semester. The intern assists an instructor in planning and conducting a course, and/or laboratory sessions. This course may be taken for 1-3 units per semester. May be repeated for a maximum of six units.
Terms Typically Offered: Fall and Spring.
CHEM-456 Physical Chemistry: Thermodynamics 2 Credits
Laws, principles and concepts of chemistry concerning the properties of gases, the laws of thermodynamics, the theory and equations of phase changes in both pure and mixed substances, chemical equilibrium, equilibrium electrochemistry. Two hours lecture per week. Offered in alternate years.
CHEM-456L Physical Chemistry Technique Lab 1-2 Credits
When taken for one unit, experiments involving the properties of gases, the laws of thermodynamics, the theory and equations of phase changes in both pure and mixed substances, chemical equilibrium, equilibrium electrochemistry, molecular motion and diffusion, and both classical and molecular chemical kinetics. When taken for two units, additional experiments involving: quantum properties of atoms and molecules; electrical properties of atoms and molecules; rotational, vibrational, and electronic spectroscopy; statistical-mechanical analysis of the thermodynamic and phase change properties of atoms and molecules; and the physical chemistry of macromolecules. Formal journal-style reporting required. Four to eight hours laboratory per week. Lab fee per unit.
CHEM-457 Physical Chemistry: Kinetics 2 Credits
Laws, principles and concepts of chemistry concerning molecular motion and diffusion, both classical and molecular chemical kinetics, and introductory statistical mechanics. Two hours lecture per week. Offered in alternate years.
CHEM-458 Physical Chemistry: Quantum Mechanics 2 Credits
Laws, principles, and concepts of chemistry concerning: quantum mechanics; quantum properties of atoms and molecules; symmetry of molecules; rotational, vibrational, electronic, and magnetic (nuclear) spectroscopy and introductory statistical mechanics. Two hours lecture per week. Offered in alternate years.
CHEM-460 Physical Chemistry I 3 Credits
Laws, principles and concepts of chemistry concerning the properties of gases, the laws of thermodynamics, the theory and equations of phase changes in both pure and mixed substances, chemical equilibrium, equilibrium electrochemistry, molecular motion and diffusion, both classical and molecular chemical kinetics. Three hours lecture per week. Offered in alternate years.
CHEM-460L Physical Chemistry Lab 1 Credit
Experiments involving the properties of gases, the laws of thermodynamics, the theory and equations of phase changes in both pure and mixed substances, chemical equilibrium, equilibrium electrochemistry, molecular motion and diffusion, and classical chemical kinetics. Formal journal-style reporting required. Four hours laboratory per week. Lab fee.
CHEM-485 Undergraduate Research 1-4 Credits
Problems in advanced laboratory research with emphasis on research techniques. Research is carried out under the supervision of the instructor with weekly conferences to discuss results and direction. Emphasis will be placed on project management, safety, instrumentation, solution preparation, and research documentation skills. A written proposal and report emphasizing the literature background of the problem and the experimental results are required. The results of the research project will also be presented in an oral format in CHEM-499C. This course is a variable credit course. At least two units are required for all chemistry and biochemistry majors. A minimum of 50 hours of laboratory work is required per unit. May be repeated. Lab fee.
Terms Typically Offered: Fall and Summer.
CHEM-488 Chemistry Senior Project 2 Credits
An advanced course providing the opportunity for a student to create a novel and independent intellectual work by comparing, contrasting, and synthesizing recent research and his/her cumulative knowledge and understanding in Chemistry. The precise nature, scope and format of the project must be developed and approved under the guidance of the instructor and in collaboration with the student's academic advisor. Senior projects are typically initiated in the Fall. The project results must also be presented in CHEM-499C. Lab fee.
CHEM-499C Chemistry Capstone Seminar 2 Credits
This course includes a senior thesis covering an approved research topic, analysis and evaluation of current research in chemistry, and the integration of faith and the chemical sciences. An oral presentation of the senior thesis in a classroom setting is required. In-class presentations by faculty and guests are part of the course. Laboratory research in an on-campus research program or an approved off-campus research program may be required for the senior thesis. This course fulfills the Core Curriculum Capstone requirement for Chemistry majors.
Terms Typically Offered: Spring.